B2 完整攻略(Project Charter、文本掃描法、QA 變形題型)

本頁整合 B2(a) Project Charter 範本、B2(b) Quality Assurance 標準答法、教授整理的「文本關鍵字掃描法則」、歷年趨勢與應考策略,幫你在考場上快速定位題幹資訊並套入答題骨架。

📝 B2(a) Project Charter(專案章程)要點與速寫模板

Project Charter 是專案的「出生證明」。遇到情境題時,依照下列六個段落逐一填寫,答案直接對應給分點。

必填六個段落(Exam Focus)

  1. Background:說明為何要做此專案。範例句:ABC Restaurant faced a significant challenge when a major data breach compromised the credit card information of millions of customers during the Christmas holiday 2024.
  2. Goals:專案要達成的商業價值。範例句:Enhancing security measures to protect sensitive customer data, ensure compliance with industry standards and best practices.
  3. Scope:系統會做哪些功能或改變。範例句:Improvement of data encryption protocols, implementation of advanced monitoring systems, rollout of chip-and-PIN technology for transactions.
  4. Key Stakeholders:列出主要利害關係人。範例:Project Sponsor, Project Manager, IT Security Team.
  5. Project Milestones:主要里程碑與預計時程。範例句:The project is expected to be completed over a 12-month period. Major phases include system assessment, implementation of encryption protocols, installation of monitoring systems, rollout of chip-and-PIN technology, and staff training.
  6. Project Budget:預估經費。範例句:Estimated to invest $200,000.(可合理假設數字)
考場速寫模板(可直接抄寫)
Background: ABC Restaurant experienced a major data breach during Christmas 2024.
Goals: Enhance security to protect customer data and ensure compliance.
Scope: Improve encryption, install monitoring, rollout chip-and-PIN.
Key Stakeholders: Project Sponsor; Project Manager; IT Security Team.
Milestones: 12 months; assessment → encryption → monitoring → rollout → training.
Budget: Estimated $200,000.

提示:若題目要求 Constraints and Assumptions,可簡短列出 1–2 項(例如:assumes vendor delivery within 3 months;must obtain staff cooperation)。

📡 Project Charter 文本關鍵字掃描法則(考場駭客)

把題幹當新聞讀,拿螢光筆掃描以下關鍵字,直接把肉剔出來填入 Project Charter 骨架。

1. Background(背景)

掃描邏輯:尋找過去式動詞或描述負面狀況的字眼,通常在第一段。

常見關鍵字:"faced a significant challenge", "compromised", "currently required to", "error-prone", "inefficient"

2. Goals(目標)

掃描邏輯:尋找正向動詞或期望值句子,直接對應專案目標。

常見關鍵字:"The goal of the ... is to improve...", "aimed at enhancing", "focusing on enhancing", "expected to reduce / improve"

3. Scope(範疇)

掃描邏輯:尋找系統會做什麼功能的名詞或動詞片語,通常緊接系統名稱後。

常見關鍵字:"The system will allow customers to...", "This [System Name] would store...", "improvement of...", "implementation of...", "Rollout of..."

4. Key Stakeholders(關鍵利害關係人)

掃描邏輯:尋找大寫職稱、團隊或部門名稱,凡是「人」就抓出來。

常見關鍵字:"IT Security Team", "Project Manager", "Chief Technology Officer", "senior management", "restaurant staff", "design team"

5. Project Milestones(專案里程碑)

掃描邏輯:尋找數字+時間單位或階段字眼。

常見關鍵字:"completed over a 12-month period", "timeline spans five months", "Major phases will include...", "There are three phases to the..."

6. Project Budget(專案預算)

掃描邏輯:直接找金錢符號($)。若無金額,可合理假設一個數字。

常見關鍵字:"estimated to invest $...", "estimated budget of $..."

7. Constraints and Assumptions(限制與假設)

掃描邏輯:尋找 must / relies on / assumes 等強烈語氣字眼。

常見關鍵字:"relies on the cooperation and support", "assumes that customers will readily embrace", "must confirm... in a short period of time"

考場駭客建議
拿筆直接畫:過去慘況底線 → Background;看到 $ 畫圈 → Budget;看到 months/phase 標註 → Milestones;看到大寫職稱標註 → Stakeholders。把這些片段貼入你背好的 Charter 模板,9 分輕鬆到手。

🛡️ B2(b) Quality Assurance(QA)趨勢與三種常見問法

近年 B2(b) 幾乎固定出現 QA 題,但出題方式會變化。掌握三種問法與對應答法,2 分穩拿。

是否每年都考 QA?

早年(2012–2015)B2 題型發散,QA 常在其他題目出現;自 2016 起,B2 漸被定型為「Project Charter + QA」的組合題,QA 常以 1–2 分出現。

QA 的三大終極問法(Exam Focus)

  1. 問法一:直接定義(Direct Definition)
    題型:Briefly describe what is Quality Assurance?
    得分鑰匙:寫出兩句官方句子:
    • "Activities performed throughout the development process."
    • "Prevent the causes of errors, and detects and correct them early in the development process."

    答題技巧:把 Preventearly 標粗體或大寫,讓閱卷者一眼看到關鍵字。

  2. 問法二:觀念比較(Concept Comparison)
    題型:Distinguish QA and QC.
    得分鑰匙:QA 注重 Process / Prevent;QC 注重 Product / Detect(QA = 預防流程,QC = 找出產品缺陷)。
  3. 問法三:情境應用與標準選擇(Situational Application & Standards)
    題型:給情境,要求推薦標準或方法(例如:哪種 standard 或 quality improvement method 最適合)。
    得分鑰匙:若問 Standards → 可寫 ISO 9000 / ISO 9001;若問 Methodology → 可寫 CMMI(focus on process improvement)。

    範例情境:若題目要改善流程與成熟度,寫 CMMI;若要建立品質管理系統與顧客導向,寫 ISO 9001。

教授的考前實戰叮嚀
死守定義(把 Prevent 與 Process 刻在腦中);若遇變形題,立刻從 Topic 05 抽屜取出 ISO / CMMI 等專有名詞並簡述理由。

📊 歷年趨勢補充(Context)

早期 B2 偏向畫圖(Context diagram / DFD);自 2016 起,B2 漸趨穩定為「Project Charter(9 分)+QA(1–2 分)」的組合。近年常以長篇商業情境出題(例如資料外洩、診所系統、預約系統),要求學生把文本資訊快速抽出並套入 Charter 模板。

👨‍🏫 教授的行動指示(Action Plan)

  1. 在筆記上默寫 Project Charter 的六個標題英文一次:Background, Goals, Scope, Key Stakeholders, Project Milestones, Project Budget
  2. 練習文本掃描:拿歷年題幹,畫出 Background(過去式)、$(Budget)、months/phase(Milestones)、大寫職稱(Stakeholders)。
  3. 背熟 QA 的兩句官方答案,並能在 10–15 秒內寫出來;同時記住 ISO 9001 與 CMMI 作為備選答案。
  4. 模擬練習:每週至少做 3 題情境題,練習在 8–10 行內完成 Project Charter 並補寫 1–2 句 QA。
考場速記口訣
看新聞式題幹 → 拿筆掃描關鍵字 → 貼入 Charter 模板 → 寫 QA(若有)→ 檢查是否有 Constraints/Assumptions。